Sains Alam dan Biologi

makhluk hidup

Every organism in the pond depends on sunlight in some way.

spesies, jenis makhluk hidup

Some species of frogs can survive being frozen in winter.

Bentuk tunggal dan jamaknya sama: one species, two species. Jadi 'species are' juga bisa benar.

tempat hidup alami

Wetlands provide a habitat for many migrating birds.

menyesuaikan diri

Camels have adapted to life in hot, dry deserts.

Jangan ketuker dengan adopt (mengadopsi) dan adept (mahir). Bunyinya mirip, artinya jauh.

berkembang atau berubah secara bertahap

Whales evolved from land mammals over millions of years.

pemangsa

The owl is a skilled nocturnal predator.

Pasangannya prey (mangsa). Ingat: predator yang memburu, prey yang diburu.

mangsa

Rabbits are common prey for foxes and hawks.

Bunyinya sama dengan pray (berdoa). Di Listening, tebak dari konteks.

berlimpah, banyak sekali

Insects are abundant in tropical rain forests.

Lawannya scarce. Soal vocabulary sering memasang 'abundant' dan 'plentiful' sebagai pasangan sinonim.

langka, jumlahnya sedikit

Water is scarce in the desert during the summer.

tidak aktif untuk sementara

Many seeds remain dormant until conditions are right for growth.

Dipakai juga untuk gunung berapi: a dormant volcano artinya gunung yang 'tidur', belum mati.

tidur panjang selama musim dingin

Some bats hibernate in caves during the winter.

bermigrasi, berpindah tempat secara musiman

Monarch butterflies migrate thousands of miles each year.

zat gizi

Plants absorb nutrients from the soil through their roots.

mencerna

Cows digest grass with the help of microbes in their stomachs.

Sebagai noun, digest berarti ringkasan, misalnya a news digest.

mengeluarkan cairan (dari kelenjar)

Some plants secrete a sticky substance that traps insects.

Jangan ketuker dengan secret (rahasia). Secrete selalu soal cairan yang keluar dari tubuh atau tumbuhan.

jaringan tubuh

Muscle tissue can repair itself after minor injuries.

gen, pembawa sifat keturunan

Eye color is influenced by several genes.

mewarisi

Offspring inherit traits from both parents.

ciri, sifat

A long neck is a useful trait for giraffes that feed in tall trees.

keturunan, anak

A single sea turtle may lay more than a hundred eggs, but few of her offspring survive.

Bentuknya sama untuk tunggal dan jamak. Jangan tulis 'offsprings'.

berkembang biak

Bacteria reproduce by dividing in two.

punah

The passenger pigeon became extinct in the early twentieth century.

Bedakan dengan endangered (terancam punah). Extinct artinya sudah tidak ada sama sekali.

terancam punah

Conservation programs protect endangered animals such as the California condor.

fotosintesis

Through photosynthesis, plants convert sunlight into chemical energy.

sangat kecil, hanya terlihat dengan mikroskop

Plankton includes many microscopic organisms.

Sinonim 'minute' di sini dibaca mai-NYUUT dan artinya sangat kecil, bukan menit.

beracun

Some mushrooms are highly toxic to humans.

hubungan hidup bersama yang saling bergantung

Clownfish and sea anemones live in symbiosis.

metabolisme, proses kimia dalam tubuh

Hummingbirds have an extremely fast metabolism.

tumbuh subur, berkembang pesat

Cacti thrive in dry, sunny conditions.

rentan, mudah diserang

Young birds are vulnerable to predators before they learn to fly.