Bumi dan Lingkungan

erosi, pengikisan tanah atau batuan

Wind and water erosion shaped the canyons of the American Southwest.

endapan (pasir, lumpur) yang terbawa air

Rivers carry sediment downstream and drop it at their mouths.

endapan; cadangan mineral

Rich deposits of copper were found in the mountains.

Sebagai verb artinya mengendapkan atau meletakkan. Di konteks bank, artinya menyetor uang.

kerak bumi, lapisan terluar

The earth's crust is thinnest beneath the oceans.

meletus

Mount St. Helens erupted in 1980.

gletser, sungai es yang bergerak lambat

Glaciers carved out many of the lakes in the northern United States.

medan, bentuk permukaan tanah

The rugged terrain made travel difficult for early settlers.

gersang, sangat kering

Arid regions receive very little rain each year.

Pasangan lawannya humid. Kalau di passage ada 'arid', biasanya sedang membahas gurun atau tanaman tahan kering.

lembap

Summers along the Gulf Coast are hot and humid.

curah hujan (termasuk salju dan es)

The Pacific Northwest receives heavy precipitation in winter.

Di passage kimia, precipitation bisa berarti pengendapan zat padat dari larutan. Cek dulu topiknya.

kekeringan panjang

A long drought in the 1930s turned parts of the Great Plains into the Dust Bowl.

iklim, pola cuaca jangka panjang

The climate of southern California is mild throughout the year.

Weather itu cuaca hari ini, climate itu pola bertahun-tahun. Pengecoh favorit di soal detail.

atmosfer, lapisan udara yang menyelimuti bumi

Nitrogen makes up about 78 percent of the earth's atmosphere.

arus (air atau udara)

The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current in the Atlantic.

Sebagai adj, current artinya saat ini (current events). Arti mana yang dipakai bergantung kalimatnya.

pasang surut air laut

The moon's gravity is the main cause of ocean tides.

berkaitan dengan laut

Coral reefs support an enormous variety of marine life.

di daerah pesisir

Coastal cities are at risk from rising sea levels.

subur

The fertile soil of the river valley was ideal for farming.

tandus, hampir tidak ada tumbuhan

Few plants grow on the barren slopes of the volcano.

Lawan langsung dari fertile. Kalau satu muncul di soal, yang lain sering jadi pengecoh.

mineral, zat padat alami di dalam bumi

Quartz is one of the most common minerals in the earth's crust.

fosil, sisa makhluk hidup yang membatu

Fossils of sea creatures have been found high in the Rocky Mountains.

lapisan

Each layer of rock represents a different period of time.

zat pencemar

Factories released pollutants into the river for decades.

mencemari

Oil from the damaged ship contaminated miles of shoreline.

menghemat; melestarikan

Farmers in dry areas use drip irrigation to conserve water.

Hati-hati dengan converse (bercakap) yang hurufnya hampir sama.

terbarukan, tidak habis dipakai

Wind and solar power are renewable sources of energy.

ekosistem

Wolves play an important role in the Yellowstone ecosystem.

beriklim sedang, tidak terlalu panas atau dingin

Most of the United States lies in the temperate zone.

Jangan dibaca sebagai temperature. Temperate menggambarkan iklim yang bersahabat.

berkaitan dengan gempa bumi

Seismic activity is common along the San Andreas Fault.

tumbuh-tumbuhan di suatu daerah

The vegetation becomes sparse at higher altitudes.